Menya byinshi ku munsi mukuru w'Izina ritagatifu rya Bikira Mariya Kiliziya ihimbaza tariki 12 Nzeri

Amavu n’amavuko y’uyu munsi

Mu 1513, ku nshuro ya mbere Papa Juliyo II yemereye abakristu bo mu gihugu cya Espanye guhimbaza uwo munsi mukuru, nubwo Papa Piyo V yawukuyeho ariko ukaza gusubizwaho na Sisto V. Kuva ubwo, uhereye mu 1671, watangiye gukwira hose, cyane mu bwami bwa Napoli n’i Milano mu gihugu cy’Ubutaliyani. Mu 1683, ubwo ubwami bwa Turukiya bwari bwahagurukiye kuyogoza ubukristu mu Uburayi, Umwami Yohani Sobieski wa Polonye yashoboye kubatsinda.

Ni bwo ku 12/09/1683, Papa Inosenti wa XI yategetse ko uwo munsi uzajya uhimbazwa muri Kiliziya y’isi yose ku cyumweru (dimanche/sunday) kiri hagati mu minsi umunani ikurikira Umunsi mukuru w’Ivuka rya Bikira, ni ukuvuga icyumweru kiri hagati y’itariki ya 8 nzeri n’iya 15 nzeri. Papa Piyo X ni we wagennye ko umunsi mukuru w’Izina Ritagatifu uzajya uhimbazwa ku wa 12/9 buri mwaka. Ibi byashimangiwe kandi na Papa Yohani Pawulo II wongeye gushyira uyu munsi mukuru kuri kalendari ya Kiliziya mu 2002, nyuma y’uko utari ukigaragaramo guhera mu 1970.

Izina mu buzima bw’abemera

Kimwe no muri Bibiliya, no mu muco wacu wa Kinyarwanda, izina rifite umwanya ukomeye mu kwerekana agaciro n’icyubahiro dufitiye umuntu. Ni byo abakurambere bemezaga bagira bati “Izina ni ryo muntu” cyane cyane iyo ari zina ryiza riherekejwe n’imigenzo myiza y’ubupfura n’ubuntu. Hakaba ariko n’ubwo babonaga imigenzereze mibi y’umuntu iganisha ku kuba afite izina ribi, bati “Iso ntakwanga akwita nabi”!

Kimwe no muri Bibiliya, no mu muco wacu wa Kinyarwanda, izina rifite umwanya ukomeye mu kwerekana agaciro n’icyubahiro dufitiye umuntu. Ni byo abakurambere bemezaga bagira bati “Izina ni ryo muntu” cyane cyane iyo ari zina ryiza riherekejwe n’imigenzo myiza y’ubupfura n’ubuntu. Hakaba ariko n’ubwo babonaga imigenzereze mibi y’umuntu iganisha ku kuba afite izina ribi, bati “Iso ntakwanga akwita nabi”!

Ijambo ry’Imana kandi ritwibutsa icyubahiro gikwiye izina ry’Imana, aho rigira riti “Ntuzavuge izina ry’Uhoraho Imana yawe mu bintu by’amanjwe, kuko Uhoraho atazareka guhana uzaba yavuze izina rye mu bintu by’amanjwe” (Ivugururamategeko 5, 11; Iyimukamisiri 20, 7).

Igihe Malayika atumwe n’Imana kumenyesha Mariya ko agomba kubyara umucunguzi, yamuhishuriye izina uwo mwana azitwa namara kuvuka: azitwa Yezu (Luka 1, 31), bivuga ngo “Imana irakiza”. Naho Matayo Mutagatifu akatwereka ko iryo zina ryahishuriwe na Yozefu, Umugabo wa Bikira Mariya n’Umurinzi wa Yezu mu buzima bwo ku isi: “Yozefu, mwana wa Dawudi, witinya kuzana umugeni wawe Mariya, kuko yasamye ku bubasha bwa Roho Mutagatifu. Azabyara umwana uzamwite Yezu, kuko ari we uzakiza umuryango we ibyaha byawo” (Matayo 1, 20-21).

Ku bakristu rero, izina rya Yezu ni izina ritanga umukiro, nk’uko Petero intumwa abihamya igihe Abatware b’Abayahudi bamuhase ibibazo ku nyigisho, we n'izindi Ntumwa za Yezu batangaga, n’ibitangaza byaziherekezaga. By'umwihariko, bibazaga ku muntu wari waramugaye Petero na Yohani bari bakijije, bakagira bati: “Biriya mwabikoze ku buhe bubasha cyangwa se ku bw’irihe zina?” (Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 4, 7). Petero yahamije ashize amanga ati “Batware, namwe bakuru b’umuryango, nimumenye neza, mwebwe mwese n’umuryango wose wa Israheli, ko izina rya Yezu Kristu w’i Nazareti mwebwe ubwanyu mwabambye, Imana ikamuzura mu bapfuye, ari ryo uyu muntu akesha kuba ahagaze imbere yanyu ari mutaraga. Yezu ni we rya buye ryajugunywe namwe abubatsi, nyamara rigahinduka insanganyarukuta. Bikaba rero ari nta wundi wundi twakesha umukiro usibye we, kuko ku isi nta rindi zina abantu bahawe, ngo abe ari ryo turonkeramo uburokorwe” (Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 4, 8-12).

Gusingiza Izina rya Bikira Mariya mu buzima bw’abakristu

Uretse rero izina ry'Imana ubwayo n'izina rya Yezu dukirizwamo, Kiliziya iha icyubahiro amazina y'ababaye urugero rwo guhamya izina ry'Imana mu buzima bwabo (urusange rw'Abatagatifu), by'umwihariko Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya nk'uko tubihimbaza none. Ku bw’ubutoni yasenderejwe n’Imana mu buntu bwayo, Mariya yahawe umwanya wihariye mu buzima bw’abakristu bushingiye ku kwemera umukiro dukesha Umwana we Yezu Kristu. Ibyo tubibonera mu ndamutso Malayika akoresha igihe amuzaniye ubutumwa bw’Imana: “Ndakuramutsa, mutoni w’Imana; Nyagasani ari kumwe nawe” (Luka 1, 28). No mu ndirimbo y’igisingizo cye, Bikira Mariya atwereka ko yari yarumvise icyo Imana imwifuzaho: “Umutima wanjye urasingiza Nyagasani, kandi uhimbajwe n’Imana Umukiza wanjye. Kuko yibutse umuja we utavugwaga; rwose, kuva ubu amasekuruza yose azanyita umuhire” (Luka 1, 47-48). Nguko uko kuva mu ntangiriro, Kiliziya itahwemye kurangamira Umuhire Mariya no kumwiyambaza nk’Umubyeyi w’Imana, Uwatubyariye Umucunguzi.

By’umwihariko, Mutagatifu Ambroze, Umwepiskopi wa Milano mu kinyejana cya kane, yasingizaga Bikira Mariya agira ati “Izina ryawe, Mariya, ni umubavu w’akataraboneka utamirana impumuro y’inema ntagatifu”. Naho Mutagatifu Bernardo akagira ati “Kumva Izina rya Mariya byonyine bikangaranya amashitani akomongana”. Mutagatifu Bonaventura we ati “Mariya Mubyeyi w’Imana, mbega ngo izina ryawe riramamara! Mbega ngo izina ryawe riraba agatangaza, ryo ryabaye isoko y’ibitangaza byinshi!” Naho mu bihe bya vuba aha, Papa Benedegito XVI (2010) agahamagarira abakristu kwiyambaza izina rya Bikira Mariya basabira abantu bose guhinduka no kugarukira Imana: “Kuri uyu munsi Kiliziya ihimbaza Izina rye ritagatifu, turagize Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya urugendo rwacu rwo kugarukira Imana”.

Bimwe mu bisingizo birata izina rya Bikira Mariya

Mu binyejana bibiri bishize, Bikira Mariya yagiye yihishurira abakristu mu bice binyuranye by’isi, maze akabahishurira n’igisingizo cyihariye giherekeza izina rye, kugira ngo abakristu bajye bamwiyambaza bacyifashisha by’umwihariko. Urugero ni i Lurude (Lourdes) mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa, aho mu 1858 yibukije kandi agashimangira ihame ry’Ubutasamanywe icyaha bwe ryari ryatangajwe na Papa Piyo IX imyaka ine mbere yaho (8/12/1854). I Lurude Bikira Mariya yari agize ati “Ndi Utarasamanywe icyaha”.

Hano iwacu mu Rwanda, igihe abonekeye i Kibeho (1981-1989), Bikira Mariya yatwibukije ko ari “Nyina wa Jambo”, ni ukuvuga Umubyeyi wa Yezu Kristu, Umwana w’Imana wigize umuntu. Maze adushishikariza gusenga ubutaretsa no kwisubiraho kugira ngo twakire umukiro dukesha Jambo w’Imana wemeye kwigira umuntu kubera twebwe abantu no kugira ngo dukire.

Mbere yaho, ku wa 15/01/1933, Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya yabonekeye Mariyete Beco i Banneux mu gihugu cy'Ububiligi. Mariyete yavukaga mu muryango ukennye cyane, dore ko n’ako gace k’iwabo kari agace kibagiranye, kahejejwe inyuma ugereranyije n’ibindi bice by’igihugu. Igihe Mariyete abajije Bikira Mariya izina rye, yaramushubije, ati "Ndi Umubyeyi w'abakene”. Ubutumwa Bikira Mariya yahaye Mariyete mu ncuro umunani yamubonekeye yagarutse cyane ku guhamagarira abantu gusenga agira ati “Nimusenge cyane”.

Bikira Mariya yashimangiraga ko ari Umubyeyi usabira abantu bose, umubyeyi wita kubababara akabasabira, aho yeretse Mariyete isoko agira ati : “Iyi soko y’amazi igenewe abantu bo mu bihugu byose... igenewe abarwayi... Nzakomeza kubasabira”. Mu mwaka wa 1949, ni bwo Kiliziya yemeje ukuri kw’amabonekerwa y’i Banneux. Muri uwo mwaka kandi ni bwo hubatswe Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya i Banneux hakurikijwe icyifuzo cye, maze kuva ubwo hirya no hino ku isi Ingoro zeguriwe Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi w’abakene zitangira gushingwa no kwakira abakristu. Icyo gisingizo cya Bikira Mariya tugisanga no mu ndirimbo yo mu kinyarwanda igira iti: “Mariya ni Umubyeyi w’abakene, kandi (akaba) n’Umwamikazi w’amahoro, ndagusingiza Mariya”.

Igihe Bikira Mariya abonekeye i Banneux, isi yari igihanganye n’ibibazo by’ingutu nk’ubukene, inzara, ibura ry’akazi,... kubera ihungabana ry’ubukungu ryo muri iyo myaka yakurikiye ibihe by’amage y’intambara y’isi yose (1914-1918). Cyari igihe cy’imihangayiko no kubunza imitima. Ni yo mpamvu ubutumwa bukubiye muri iryo zina rya Bikira Mariya muri icyo gihe, Umubyeyi w’Abakene, bwahamagariraga abantu kumwiringira no kumutura imibabaro yabo, amaganya yabo n’amagorwa yabo, bakamutura ubukene bwabo, bwaba ubwo ku mutima cyangwa ubwo ku mubiri.

Mu guhimbaza umunsi mukuru w’Izina ritagatifu rya Bikira Mariya uyu mwaka, ni ngombwa ko turazirikana kuri ubu butumwa bw’umwihariko bukubiye muri icyo gisingizo kitwibutsa ingingo nterahirwe Yezu yaduhishuriye: “Hahirwa abakene ku mutima kuko Ingoma y’Imana ari iyabo” (Mt 5, 3). Ubukene Yezu avuga, si ubwo kubaho dutindahaye, tudafite epfo na ruguru, ahubwo ni ubw'umutima uca bugufi nk'uwa Yezu ubwe, nk'uko Pawulo Mutagatifu awutwereka: "Musanzwe muzi ubugiraneza bw’Umwami wacu Yezu Kristu, We mukire wemeye kwigira umukene, ari mwe abigirira, ngo abakungaharishe ubukene bwe" (2 Abanyakorinti 8:9).

Ku mukristu, umutima w'ubukene ni umutima wumva ko turi bato imbere y’Imana, uzirikana ko Ingoma y’Imana ari bwo bukungu buruta byose umuntu agomba guharanira, maze ibindi akabibonaho umugereka (reba Matayo 6, 33). Ubukene bw'umutima, ntibubangamirana n’iterambere no kugira ibintu, kuko tubikenera mu mibereho yacu yo ku isi: ni inzira y'ihirwe ku uwemera wese kabone n'aho yaba akungahaye ku by'isi, azirikana ko "umuntu ntatungwa n'umugati gusa, ahubwo atungwa n'Ijambo ryose rivuye mu kanwa k'Imana" (Matayo 4, 4). Ubukene bwo ku mutima kandi ni ukumva ko ubuzima bwa muntu butaburana n’amagorwa, maze aho kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga za muntu no ku bintu by’isi, ayo magorwa yacu tukayerekeza ku Mana twizeye.

Ni yo mpamvu Mariya adushishikariza gusenga no kumurangamira nk'"Umubyeyi w'abakene", ni ukuvuga umenya abababaye akabahoza akaba n’urugero rw’ubwicishe bugufi n'ubwiyoroshye biranga “abakene ku mutima”. Ariko nanone ni Umubyeyi utanga ihumure ku bakennye kubera kubura ibibatunga n’ababuze amizero y’ejo hazaza muri iki gihe isi irangwa n'ubusumbane no kwikubira ibyiza rusange. Mu guhimbaza Izina Ritagatifu rya Bikira Mariya uyu munsi, tukaba turangamira urukundo Imana yakunze abantu muri Yezu Kristu, Jambo wayo wigize umuntu akabyarwa n'uwo Mubyeyi wahebuje bose umugisha.