Paruwasi zikuze : Menya ibyaranze Rambura mu gihe cy’imyaka 111 imaze ishinzwe

Muri urwo rwego, Kinyamateka yahereye izi nkuru z’uruhererekane muri Paruwasi ya Rambura n’ubwo atariyo yashinzwe mbere, gusa izashinzwe mbere zose izabagezaho amakuru y’ubukristu bwaho n’uko bwagiye busakara mu Rwanda hose.

Paruwasi ya Rambura, iri bugarukweho ni paruwasi ya 11 mu zashinzwe mbere mu Rwanda nyuma ya ; Save (1900), Zaza (1900), Nyundo (1901), Rwaza (1903), Mibirizi (1903), Kabgayi (1906), Murunda (1909), Rurindo (1909), Kansi (1910), Kigali (Sainte famille) (1913), Rambura (1913), na Rwamagana (1919).

Paruwasi ya Rambura iherereye mu Ntara y’Uburengerazuba, Akarere ka Nyabihu, Umurenge wa Rambura, akagari ka Nyundo, paruwasi yubatse k’ubutumburuke bwa metero 2400, ikaba ari imwe muri Paruwasi 29 zigize Diyosezi ya Nyundo.

Rambura ihana imipaka na Paruwasi ya Janja na Nyakinama mu burasirazuba, mu burengerazuba hari Paruwasi ya Kora, mu majyaruguru hari Paruwasi ya Busogo naho mu majyepfo hari Paruwasi ya Muramba na Kabaya.

Paruwasi ya Rambura ikora mu mirenge itandatu y'Akarere ka Nyabihu (Rambura, Mulinga, Shyira, Jomba, Karago na Rurembo), kuri ubu ifite abakiristu basaga ibihumbi 33,000 babarizwa muri Santarali Umunani, Inama 34, imiryangoremezo 259.

ϓ Rambura mu ntangiriro

Amakuru Kinyamateka yahawe na Jerome Dukuzumuremyi, Perezida wa Komite Ngenzurabikorwa muri Paruwasi ya Rambura, akanaba umwe mu bakristu bakusanyije amakuru y’ibyaranze Rambura ubwo yahimbazaga Yubile y’imyaka 100 muri 2013 agaragaza ko mu ntangiriro Rambura yari yubatswe mu gahugu kahoze ari Ubushiru.

Ubushiru ni kamwe mu mpugu zari zigize u Rwanda, kari gaherereye mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba, mu majyepfo hari Bwanamwari n’Ikingogo, mu burengerazuba hari Ubugoyi, mu majyaruguru hari Ubuhoma n’Ubukonya mu Uburasirazuba.

Paruwasi ya Rambura yashinzwe mu 1913 biturutse ku cyifuzo Rezida w’u Rwanda Kandt wifuzaga ko Ubushiru butari bwarayobotse ubutegetsi bwa cyami n’ubw’ubukoroni, bityo asaba Musenyeri Hirt koherezayo abamisiyoneri kugirango babigarurire buhoro buhoro.

Ni agace kandi karangwaga n’ibibazo binyuranye birimo amakimbirane, ubukene, inzara n’indwara z’ibyorezo.

Tariki ya 2 Nyakanga 1914, ni bwo Abamisiyoneri ba mbere bageze i Rambura bahashinga Misiyoni. Abo ni Padiri Célestin Priorna, Padiri Eugene DESBROSSES na Frere Privat. Bakihagera mu Bushiru bashinze amahema ahitwa Kibihekane gusa nyuma baza gusanga ari hato bityo bimukira ku kanunga ka Rambura. Uku kwimukira i Rambura byatumye umuhinza (umutware) Nyamakwa, wari uhatuye yimukira I Rugarambiro, arahunga avuga ko atagomba guturana n’abazungu.

Kubera amakuru bari barahawe ko abashiru ari abarwanyi, Misiyoni ya Rambura yahawe umurinzi ‘Bikiramariya Umwamikazi w’amahoro’ (Regina Pacis).

Abapadiri bakigera mu Bushiru, basanze hari ubukungu, abaturage boroye amatungo kandibahinga bakeza, ariko higanje indwara y’amavunja, ibisebe by’imifunzo, indwara y’umusonga n’izindi. Kugira ngo abaturage bagere ku misiyoni abapadiri batangiye kubavura izo ndwara, nta kiguzi batanze; bityo abaturage bagana misiyoni ari benshi.

Mu bihe bya mbere hubatswe icumbi ry’abamisiyoneri. Bamaze kubona aho kuba, batangiye kubumbisha amatafari no kohereza abagabo mu ishyamba rya Gishwati ngo bateme ingiga (madrier) bategura igikorwa cyo kubaka kiliziya.

Kubera intambara ya mbere y’isi yose abamisiyoneri bahagaritse ibikorwa bari baratangiye mu kwezi kwa Kanama 1914 ariko bakomeje kuba i Rambura kugeza muri Kamena 1918. Ubwo ni nako abamisiyoneri bageragezaga kumvikanisha abaturage bahoraga mu makimbirane y’urudaca hagati yabo.

Pere Prior yaje kuva i Rambura ku wa 31 Ukwakira 1917 ajya muri misiyoni ya Kigali. Nyuma y’aho misiyoni ya Rambura yahindutse nka sikirisare (succurusale) ya Rwaza, igihe hashinzwe misiyoni ya Muramba muri Kanama 1925, Rambura yagizwe Sikirisare ya Muramba, maze yongera kuba misiyoni muri Gashyantare 1933.

Intambara ya mbere y’isi yose yatumye abamisiyoneri bari i Rambura mu 1918 bahava ariko misiyoni ntabwo yahagaze burundu abakirisitu n’abigishwa bayobotse i RWAZA nyuma yaho bayoboka i MURAMBA mu 1925. Misiyoni ya Rambura yongeye kubona abapadiri mu 1933, ariko ntiyigeze izima abigishwa barabatizwaga bagahabwa n’amasakaramentu.

Inyandiko y’ibyakorwaga na Sominari ntoya ya Kabgayi igaragaza ko mu kiruhuko cyo kuwa 15 Nyakanga 1929, abanyeshuri n’abapadiri babo baruhukiye i Rambura, abo ni Père Devos, Lody na Père Fidele bateguye icyo kiruhuko bari kumwe n’abanyeshuri 37. Kuwa 23 Nyakanga 1929 Père Van Overschelde azana icyiciro cya kane n’icya gatanu, nyuma yaho Père Brutsourt bazana abasigaye.

Kuwa 14 Kanama 1929 habaye inama yo guha buri wese inshingano : P. Lody aba Padiri mukuru ashingwa ibya misiyoni, P. Fidele aramwungiriza, Père Van Overschelde na Père Brutsourt bashingwa abasominari.

Nyuma ya 1930, Rambura yatangiye gukorwamo ubutumwa n’abapadiri b’Abanyarwanda.

Icyo gihe, Padiri mukuru wa mbere w’umunyarwanda muri Paruwasi ya Rambura yabaye Antoni RUGOMOKA.

Kuva Misiyoni ya Rambura yashingwa yabyaye abapadiri basaga 15, ababikira basaga 15, n’abafurere.

Mu w’1938, nibwo imirimo yo kubaka Kiliziya ya Rambura yasubukuwe yuzura muri 1940.

Ubushiru, Bwanamwari ubuhoma na Rwakeri nibyo byari bigize misiyoni ya Rambura, mu w’ 1952 Ubushiru bwatandukanye n’Ubuhoma ; Ubushiru bukomeza kuba misiyoni ya Rambura naho Ubuhoma buhinduka misiyoni ya Murama, mu 1953 muri iyo misiyoni hashinzwe sominari ntoya ya Murama (yaje kwimukira ku Nyundo), iyi misiyoni yahindutse misiyoni ya Busogo mu 1963.

ϓ Misiyoni ya Rambura mu bihe by’inzara n’ibyorezo (1917-1918), Abapadiri bazana ibirayi

Kugeza ku wa13 Werurwe 1916 nta kibazo cy’inzara cyari gihari cyangwa se ibihe bibi by’ihinga; inzara yatangiye igihe amashaza yahinzwe muri Nzeri 1916 yishwe n’imvura nyinshi yakurikiwe n’izuba ryinshi, inzara yatangiye muri Mutarama 1917 igihe abaturage babuze ibyo basarura. Mu Ugushyingo 1918 inzara yari yarayogoje ubushiru abaturage barya ibyatsi gusa. (Inzara ya Rumanura)

Intambara irangiye inzara yarakomeje n’icyorezo cy’ubushita kiratera, icyo gihe abaturage barakubitika cyane. Ubwo I Rambura hari kandi P. DURANT na P. LODY (wari wahageze avuye ku Nyundo 30/6/1917).

Mu kurwanya iyo nzara abaturage bashyizeho isoko rya Ndabirunda (rishyizweho n’umuhinza Nyamakwa) ubu hiitwa Guriro, ubundi bagahahira mu Rwankeri (Byangabo), ibiribwa bimaze gushira abaturage bayobotse inzira ya Ndorwa ariko bacyuraga bike kuko ababaga batishwe n’ibisambo byabaga muri izo nzira byarabamburaga bagataha amaramasa.

Muri urwo ruvange rw’ibibazo abamisiyoneri barwanye ku baturage bashyiraho itsinda ry’abantu bafite imbunda bagaherekeza ikivunge cy’abantu bagiye guhaha mu Ndorwa. Abamisiyoneri bagerageje guhinga ibishyimbo n’ibirayi bateganya kuzafasha abaturage; muri Mutarama 1918 bari bejeje ibyo bari bahinze ariko umusaruro ntiwaba mwiza kubera urubura n’imvura nyinshi byaguye mu Ukuboza 1917, bashoboye guha abaturage imbuto y’ibirayi (Agasigarubaye) baba batangije igihingwa cy’ibirayi mu Bushiru, batanga n’imbuto y’ibishyimbo bityo inzara igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro.

Muri icyo gihe kandi mu mpera za 1917 icyorezo cy’ubushita cyahitanye abantu benshi muri aka gace, cyaje kugabanuka ubwo muri Gashyantare 1918 abamisiyoneri bari i Rambura bohererejwe inkingo z’ubushita (amacupa abiri) bayahawe na R.P.L. DELMAS wari ukuriye Misiyoni ya Kigali. Ibi ni nabyo bivugwa ko ubucuti bwa Paruwasi ya Rambura na Paruwasi y’Umuryango Mutagatifu bushingiyeho.

Intambara n’inzara byahagaritse inyigisho z’iyobokamana zahabwaga abigishwa zongera gutangwa mu Ukuboza 1917. Icyo gihe kandi abaturage bari bataramenya kubahiriza umunsi w’icyumweru, iminsi mikuru ya Kiliziya, umuco wabo wo kugira abagore benshi n’indi mihango ya gipagani bari barabikomeje.

ϓ Abamisiyoneri batumye Rambura iba agace gakungahaye ku bikorwaremezo

Kuva Misiyoni ya Rambura yashingwa, Abamisiyoneri biyemeje gutangira amashuri muri Mutarama 1918, batangiza amashuri abanza gusa igihe cyo kwiga cyari kigufi cyane (bataha sa tatu za mugitondo), bigishwa isuku, bakiga gatatu mu cyumweru, ku buryo mu mpera za Mutarama 1918 hari abanyeshuri 25 gusa.

Mu mwaka w’ 1973 hashinzwe ikigo nderabuzima cya Rambura cyaragijwe Bikiramariya Umwamikazi w’I Lourdes.

Mu 1974 hubatswe atoliye y’abakobwa yigirwagamo, kudoda no guteka; isarumara ivugururwa ku buryo bwa kijyambere, Ikigega cyitiriwe Padiri Gervais Rutunganya (FGER) cyatangiye gukora, hubatswe kandi na shaperi ya Santarali ya JOMBA.

Naho muw ‘1975 Paruwasi yabonye abafurere, bigishaga ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, abana babaga barangije imyaka itatu bakabona seritifika ibemerera kuba ba Moniteur Agri mu mirenge.

Nyuma y’abamisiyoneri ibikorwa remezo byakomeje kwiyongera. Muri byo twavuga; isoko rya Gasiza, Banki y’Abaturage ya Rambura, Iposita; Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Rambura, n’ibigo by’amashuri bisaga 24 bibarizwa muri Rambura kugeza ubu.

ϓ Rambura mu bihe by’imidugararo, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994 n’Intambara y’Abacengezi.

Yagize ati « Mu gihe hari hateguwe umwiherero w’Abakarisimatike hagati ya tariki 5 na 10 Mata 1994, wagombaga gukorerwa mu ishuri ry’abakakobwa i Rambura, ukayoborwa na Padiri Jacques HAZARD wo mu muryango w’abapadiri b’abamisiyoneri b’Afurika wari uturutse i Kigali ; mu museso wo kuwa 07 Mata 1994 ahagana saha ya saa kumi n’imwe nibwo Padiri HAZARD yaje kutureba atubwira ko indege yari itwaye Perezida n’abandi bari kumwe yahanuwe bakaba bose baguye muri iyo ndege. » Akomeza avuga ko kuva byaba Padiri mukuru (Sipiridiyo KAGEYO) yatentebutse, acika intege, ati « Ngiye kongera kumugisha inama y’icyo twakora, namwe mube musenga ariko munatekereza niba umwiherero wakomeza cyangwa wasubikwa, ndagiye ariko ndagaruka vuba, ubwo adusaba abo kumuherekeza bakamugeza kuri Paruwasi. »

Ngirumpatse akomeza agira ati « Ku wa 07/4/1994 mu gitondo nibwo interahamwe zageze mu ishuri ry’abakobwa rya Rambura zitwaje imipanga n’amahiri zihita zitubwira ko dutaha ko tudasenga kurusha Kinani (Perezida Habyarimana) wishwe n’ Inyenzi , twahise duhambira tumanutse duhura na HAZARD agurutse kutureba , tumubwira uko bitugendekeye , tumanukana nawe tugeze kuri Paruwasi we yinjira mu gikari , twe dusigara hanze, mugihe abapadiri bakinguye umuryango wo mu biro bya Padiri mukuru baje badusanga natwe dutangiye kugenda tubasanga nibwo abicanyi bahise bareguka k’umuhanda wo ku irimbi, abandi baturuka mu Nama ubwo twahaye abapadiri ikimenyetso cyo gukinga vuba vuba , ubwo basubira inyuma barakinga; za Nterahamwe zitangira kudutuka no kutwirukankana.»

Urupfu rw’abapadiri (Sipiridiyo Kageyo, Antoni Habiyambere na Antoni Mariya Zakariya Niyitegeka) rwabaye mu ma saa mbiri.

Nk’uko byavuzwe na Padiri Jacques abicanyi babanje gutera gerenade muri shapeli, we yaje guhungishirizwa ku Kabaya ariko yakomeretse ku gahanga.

Kuwa gatandatu tariki ya 9 Mata 1994 nibwo bamwe bari muri uwo mwiherero bagarutse kuri Paruwasi basanga inzugi zose zo mu gikari zaramenaguwe, impapuro n’ibitabo binyanyagiye hose, muri shaperi hararetse amaraso bityo babona ko ari ho abapadiri biciwe ariko nta mirambo yarimo uretse ibishura byari byarasigayemo byuzuyeho amaraso kandi bivangavanze n’ibitabo n’impapuro.

Ngirumpatse uri mubari bagarutse mu mwiherero yakomeje agira ati « Mu gihe twari dushatse gukomeza ngo twinjire n’ahandi imbwa zarirutse twikanga ko ari Interahamwe zigarutse gusahura duhita twiruka tujya mu Gasiza aho Callixte Habiyaremye (twari kumwe mu mwiherero) yari acumbitse kumubaza uko byagenze niba hari uwashoboye kurokoka ; yatubwiye ko Padiri HAZARD yatwawe ku Kabaya ariko yakomerekejwe mu mutwe. Ubwo twarakomeje tujya Kabaya kumusura atubonye arishima atubaza niba twashobora kugera i Rambura tukamushakira Bibiliya ye yasigaye mu cyumba yarayemo. Tumubwira uko hameze, Icyo gihe nta myenda yari afite yo kwambara biba ngombwa ko tujya mu isoko kumugurira ipantaro, ishati n’umupira w’imbeho. »

Kuwa 15 Mata 1994 nibwo abakirisitu bake bahuriye mu Gasiza kwa Callixte bashaka uburyo ibikoresho bya paruwasi byandagaye byabikwa ndetse na paruwasi igafungwa kuko imiryango yose yo mu gikari yari irangaye.

Kuwa 03 Gicurasi 1994 i Rambura mu ishuri rya Gatigisimu hateraniye inama hashyirwaho komite ya Paruwasi, ishingwa kongera guhuriza hamwe abakristu no gukora imihimbazo y’ijambo ry’Imana, basabwe kandi kurundarunda ibikoresho bya liturijiya binyanyagiye no kugaruza ibyasahuwe.

Kuwa 12 Nyakanga 1994 Padiri Baritazari Habimanana, Faratri Noheli NDINDABAHIZI baje kuba muri paruwasi ya Rambura, bakoranye inama n’abagize komite, barebera hamwe ubuzima bwa paruwasi gusa ntabwo byatinze kubera umutekano muke abakristu n’abihayimana bose barahunga n’ubundi Rambura isubira mu icuraburindi.

Taliki 3/06/1996, imirambo y’abapadiri batatu bazize genocide, aribo Sipiridiyo Kageyo, Antoni Habiyambere na Antoni Mariya Zakariya Niyitegeka yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro i Rambura.

Kubera ibihe by’umutekano muke n’intambara y’abacengezi, gusengera i Rambura byabaye nk’ibihagaze kuko abapadiri batari bakibasha kubona uko bahagera ndetse n’ubonye uko ahagera akaba ataharara.

Nyuma y’ibihe by’umutekano muke, kuva muri 2000 Paruwasi ya Rambura yongeye kwiyubaka ndetse ikora ibikorwa bitandukanye by’iterambere.

Bamwe mu bakristu bo muri Paruwasi ya Rambura baganiriye na Kinyamateka bagaragaza ko kuba Kiliziya yaraje mu Rwanda bifite umumaro ukomeye kuko byazanye iterambere ku mubiri no kuri Roho.

Bavuga ko uretse ibikorwa by’iterambere bitandukanye byazanywe n’abamisiyoneri, imyumvire y’ubupagani n’uburwanyi muri aka gace yacishijwe bugufi n’inkuru nziza yazanywe n’abamisiyoneri.

Umusaza Bazimenyera Phocas wavutse muri 1939, akavukira muri Santarali ya Rambura avuga ko abapadiri bateje imbere ubushiru binyuze mu bikorwa birimo kubaka amashuri, ivuriro, kwigisha ubukorikori n’ibindi.

Ibi kandi bigarukwaho na Munyembanza August wavutse 1964, akaba amaze imyaka 22 ayobora inama ya Nyaburaro yo muri Santarali ya Gihira.

Munyembanza avuga ko by’umwihariko atazibagirwa abapadiri bishwe muri Jenoside kuko aribo babavugururiye Kiliziya ndetse bakubakisha n’Urwunge rw’amashuri ya Rambura y’Abahungu.

Kugeza ubu, Rambura imaze kwibaruka Paruwasi ya Kora na Kabaya yabyawe na Rambura ifatanyije na Muramba.

Mu nkuru itaha, Kinyamateka izakugezaho inkuru ishamikiye kuri aya mateka ya Paruwasi ya Rambura. Ni inkuru izaba ivuga kuri Paruwasi ya Muramba, ikaba imwe mu ziri mu gace Rambura iherereyemo, ndetse zikaba zifitanye amateka kuko zashinzwe mu myaka ijya kwegerana.